The Role of Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture: Innovations and Challenges

Abstract

The global agricultural sector faces unprecedented challenges in meeting the food security demands of a growing population while minimising environmental impacts. This systematic review examines the role of biotechnology in promoting sustainable agricultural practices through an analysis of recent academic literature published between 2022 and 2024. Using a comprehensive methodology that includes systematic database searches and critical analysis of peer-reviewed studies, this research synthesises findings on biotechnological innovations including CRISPR gene editing, biofortification, and precision farming technologies. Results indicate that biotechnology can enhance crop yields by 20-30%, reduce pesticide use by up to 40%, and improve nutritional content significantly. However, challenges remain regarding public acceptance, regulatory frameworks, and equitable access to these technologies. The study concludes that while biotechnology offers substantial promise for sustainable agriculture, successful implementation requires coordinated efforts addressing technical, social, and policy dimensions. These findings contribute to the understanding of how biotechnology can support global food security while promoting environmental sustainability.